![]() Say I am at the 192.168.0.20 machine, and I want to access the 192.168.10.20 device ("sibling" network unit over the VPN). Objects in orange visualize the VPN communication, objects in blue - LAN or WAN communication. I can understand I need to set up NAT on every VPN gateway device, so that packets from the "sibling" networks would not be dropped as foreign. ![]() ![]() I can connect seamlessly to every device in all of the networks with their local IPs, but most of the time the packets from the foreign networks get dropped by all devices other than those with public web interfaces (printers, local web servers etc). network connects to the VPN via a single VPN "gateway" (actually a peer with IP fowarding set to "on", one of them is running Windows 10 Home, two others run Linux) with 192.168.10 LAN address and 10.11.12.2-4 VPN address, and each corresponding WAN/LAN router (192.168.1) is set up to route 10.11.12.0/24 addresses to the local VPN "gateway" peer (192.168.10) as a static route. You should avoid using -j TOS -set-tos using the outdated ToS values.I have an SBC running Arch Linux that I use as a VPN server (as it is the only device having a globally accessed IP address not NATed by ISPs) to connect three different networks. That's not good since the last two bytes are defined as ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) bits within the Differentiated services specification. Bit 6 and 7 are are DSCP ECN bits! Be aware of this side-effect when you -j TOS -set-tos using iptables! A precedence of 3 with the Minimize-Cost value will look like this: Setting the ToS field to Minimize-Cost will change bit 6. You can print the above list with iptables -j TOS -h.Ĭhanging the ToS field will also change the Differentiated Services Fields (DS field) since they are the same field. You can also use hex values 0x00-0xFF or a decimal numbes between 0-255. It lets you use 5 pre-defined ToS named (aliases) to set the ToS byte using its -set-tos option. Iptables and some older routers, notably from Cisco, use an old older ToS scheme defined in RFC 1349 where bits 0 to 2 are "precedence" and 3 to 6 define Type of Service (4 bytes). Home users who want to set the DSCP fields (even though the ISP will likely not care) may want to use these classes for QoS queues: DSCP, DiffServ and hexadecimal ToS values Service class names are defined in RFC 4594, RFC 5865, and RFC 8622. The "Class Selector" values select class types, not priority. However, AF 21-AF 23 will have a higher priority than AF 11-AF 13. ![]() (AF4 1 has a higher priority than AF4 2). Higher numbered queues within the "Assured Forwarding" sub-classes have lower priority. The primary DSCP classes are, per RFC 4594, and RFC 8622: The last two bits can and are being used for ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) as defined in RFC 3168.ĭSCP defines several traffic classes. The differentiated services code point (DSCP) values are defined by the first six bits of the DSCP/ToS byte. The 6th bit indicates if high reliability is desired.ĭifferentiated services fields (DS field) Įveryone was happy with good old simple Type of Service codes until RFC 2474 defined a Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) using the IP protocols Type of Service byte in December 1998.The 5th bit indicates if high throughput is desired.The 4th bit is used to signal if low delay is desired and required.The first 3 bits of a ToS field indicate precedence. The Type of Service octet consists of three fields ( RFC 1349): The field was defined in the RFC 791 IP protocol specification published in September 1981. The ToS (Type of Service) byte inside the IP header can be used for prioritization of packets inside a network. 2 Differentiated services fields (DS field).
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